Figure 1.
Two models for AP-1 function. (A) In Model 1, AP-1 acts together with GGAs at or near the TGN, packaging a number of proteins into clathrin-coated vesicles for trafficking to peripheral endosomes. These proteins include hydrolases and their receptors, which are sorted by GGAs, with AP-1 playing an auxiliary role. AP-1 has a further role in retrieving proteins from peripheral endosomes, including empty hydrolase receptors and TGN-resident membrane proteins such as syntaxins 6, 10, and 16. Adapted from Hirst et al. (2012). (B) In Model 2, AP-1 and GGAs act independently. GGAs sort hydrolases and their receptors at or near the TGN for trafficking to endosomes, while AP-1 acts exclusively at endosomes to retrieve proteins, including empty receptors, back to the TGN. One or more of these proteins may be needed by GGAs for forward transport.

Two models for AP-1 function. (A) In Model 1, AP-1 acts together with GGAs at or near the TGN, packaging a number of proteins into clathrin-coated vesicles for trafficking to peripheral endosomes. These proteins include hydrolases and their receptors, which are sorted by GGAs, with AP-1 playing an auxiliary role. AP-1 has a further role in retrieving proteins from peripheral endosomes, including empty hydrolase receptors and TGN-resident membrane proteins such as syntaxins 6, 10, and 16. Adapted from Hirst et al. (2012). (B) In Model 2, AP-1 and GGAs act independently. GGAs sort hydrolases and their receptors at or near the TGN for trafficking to endosomes, while AP-1 acts exclusively at endosomes to retrieve proteins, including empty receptors, back to the TGN. One or more of these proteins may be needed by GGAs for forward transport.

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