Figure 3.
Models of Cdc42 dynamics with different detachment rates. (A i) Membranes at the cell ends accumulate Cdc42-GTP and Scd1, while the cytoplasm contains diffused Cdc42-GDP and Scd1. The panel below describes the Cdc42 activation network corresponding to Model 1. Model 1 incorporates feedback loops involving Cdc42-GTP, Cdc42-GDP, and GEF (Scd1), whereby the presence of Cdc42-GTP directly inhibits the membrane accumulation of the GEF. (A ii) Membranes at the cell ends accumulate Cdc42-GTP, Scd1, and an unknown protein X, while the cytoplasm contains diffused Cdc42-GDP, Scd1 and X. The panel below describes the Cdc42 activation network corresponding to Model 2. Model 2 incorporates feedback loops involving Cdc42-GTP, Cdc42-GDP, GEF (Scd1), and X, whereby the presence of Cdc42-GTP inhibits the membrane accumulation of the GEF via protein X. (iii) A comparison between the percentage of oscillatory dynamics in Model 1 and Model 2. The number of parameter sets for two models is 100,000. (B) Reaction–diffusion equations for Model 2 (details in supplemental materials). The light green frame represents protein diffusion in the cytoplasm, and the dark green frame denotes protein binding and detachment at the cell ends. (C i) The effects of a drop in detachment rate on each protein in the Cdc42 activation network. (C ii) Numerical results of the PDE-ODE simulations for Model 2. (C iii) Numerical results for Model 2 were obtained by varying the detachment rates of each protein. The black dashed line is the average concentration of Scd1 at the oscillatory dynamics tip. Initial conditions at each cell end 1 and 2: c1 = 1.3, c2 = 0.2, s1 = 1.07, s2 = 0.2, x1 = 1.3, x2 = 0.2 (c = Cdc42, s = Scd1, x = protein X).

Models of Cdc42 dynamics with different detachment rates. (A i) Membranes at the cell ends accumulate Cdc42-GTP and Scd1, while the cytoplasm contains diffused Cdc42-GDP and Scd1. The panel below describes the Cdc42 activation network corresponding to Model 1. Model 1 incorporates feedback loops involving Cdc42-GTP, Cdc42-GDP, and GEF (Scd1), whereby the presence of Cdc42-GTP directly inhibits the membrane accumulation of the GEF. (A ii) Membranes at the cell ends accumulate Cdc42-GTP, Scd1, and an unknown protein X, while the cytoplasm contains diffused Cdc42-GDP, Scd1 and X. The panel below describes the Cdc42 activation network corresponding to Model 2. Model 2 incorporates feedback loops involving Cdc42-GTP, Cdc42-GDP, GEF (Scd1), and X, whereby the presence of Cdc42-GTP inhibits the membrane accumulation of the GEF via protein X. (iii) A comparison between the percentage of oscillatory dynamics in Model 1 and Model 2. The number of parameter sets for two models is 100,000. (B) Reaction–diffusion equations for Model 2 (details in supplemental materials). The light green frame represents protein diffusion in the cytoplasm, and the dark green frame denotes protein binding and detachment at the cell ends. (C i) The effects of a drop in detachment rate on each protein in the Cdc42 activation network. (C ii) Numerical results of the PDE-ODE simulations for Model 2. (C iii) Numerical results for Model 2 were obtained by varying the detachment rates of each protein. The black dashed line is the average concentration of Scd1 at the oscillatory dynamics tip. Initial conditions at each cell end 1 and 2: c1 = 1.3, c2 = 0.2, s1 = 1.07, s2 = 0.2, x1 = 1.3, x2 = 0.2 (c = Cdc42, s = Scd1, x = protein X).

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