N-cadherin and ARF3 expression in prostate cancer patients. (A and B) Analysis of Normal vs. Tumor mRNA expression (Log₂) for ARF3 from TCGA and GENT2 datasets (see Materials and methods for dataset IDs). Dots, expression per patient. Blue, normal; red, tumor. Circle next to Tumor Type indicates significant expression directionality change in tumor compared to normal tissue: Green, higher in tumor; magenta, lower in tumor. Patient numbers on graph. P values, Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA test with unpaired Welch’s correction, with individual variances compared for each comparison. *, 0.0332; **, 0.0021; ***, 0.0002; ****, <0.0001. (C)ARF3 mRNA (Log2, RSEM) from Normal vs. Primary Tumor prostate samples (dataset, TCGA). Patient numbers, on graph. P values, two-tailed unpaired t test with Welch’s correction. (D)ARF3 mRNA (Log₂, RSEM) from prostate tumor samples with different Gleason Grade scores (dataset, TCGA). Patient numbers, on graph. P values, one-way ANOVA with Tukey corrections for multiple testing. (E and F) Analysis of Normal versus Tumor mRNA expression (Log₂) for CDH2 from TCGA and GENT2 datasets (see Materials and methods for dataset IDs). Dots, expression per patient. Blue, normal; red, tumor. Circle next to Tumor Type indicates significant expression directionality change in tumor compared to normal tissue: Green, higher in tumor; magenta, lower in tumor. Patient numbers on graph. P values, Brown–Forsythe and Welch ANOVA test with unpaired Welch’s correction, with individual variances compared for each comparison. *, 0.0332; **, 0.0021; ***, 0.0002; ****, <0.0001. (G) Correlation (Pearson) between CDH2 mRNA and N-cadherin protein in prostate tumors (dataset, TCGA). (H)CDH2/N-cadherin mRNA levels (Log₂, RSEM) from prostate tumor samples with different Gleason Grade scores (dataset, TCGA). Patient numbers, on graph. P value, one-way ANOVA with Tukey corrections for multiple testing. (I) Neoplasm status upon grouping of prostate cancer patients based on median split (M1, low versus M2, high) of CDH2/N-cadherin protein and ARF3 mRNA expression in prostate tumors. Dataset, TCGA. Patient numbers, on graph. Data presented as % of samples in each quartile grouping in presented categories. P values, chi-squared test.