Temporal reconstruction of clathrin coat remodeling. (A) Endocytic sites are sorted by θ to reconstruct pseudotime. Enriched θ states, for example the peak at 135°, represent long-lived states that remain for extended periods in pseudotime. Color code represents the same number of sites in both histograms. (B) The square-root dependence between θ and pseudotime approximated by the cooperative curvature model (red line). (C) Curvature generation over pseudotime is approximated by the cooperative curvature model. (D–F) Fit results in C were used to describe (D) edge length, (E) surface area, and (F) projected area change over pseudotime. A rolling median (window of 82 sites) is plotted alongside (black line). (G) Superresolution averages for distinct endocytic stages, resulting from all collected snapshots. Each bin contains the same number of snapshots of clathrin-coated structures sorted along their pseudotime (n = 163 per bin), so that all bins represent equally long pseudotime intervals. Individual sites were rescaled to the median bin radius and aligned by their center coordinates as well as rotation angles. Scale bar is 100 nm. (n = 1,645 sites, N = 13 cells).