Figure 1.
GSP-2 depletion suppresses pkc-3(ne4246) lethality and polarity defects. (A) Representation of the main phases that lead to zygote polarization. Left: early embryo before polarity establishment with anterior PARs uniformly at the cortex and posterior PARs in the cytoplasm. Middle: AIR-1 and microtubule-dependent symmetry breaking. Right: polarity maintenance with anterior PARs at the anterior cortex and posterior PARs at the posterior cortex. (B) Embryonic lethality of gfp::par-2 and pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2 embryos after ctrl(RNAi) and gsp-2(RNAi). The reported values correspond to the percentage of unhatched embryos over the total progeny (larvae and unhatched embryos). gfp::par-2; ctrl(RNAi), n = 3,132, gfp::par-2; gsp-2(RNAi), n = 2,405, pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2; ctrl(RNAi), n = 1,085, and pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2; gsp-2(RNAi), n = 1,141. N = 4. Mean is shown and error bars indicate SEM. The P values were determined using two-way ANOVA Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (C) Representative midsection frames of time-lapse imaging of embryos at the polarity maintenance stage: gfp::par-2; ctrl(RNAi), n = 11, gfp::par-2; gsp-2(RNAi), n = 13, pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2; ctrl(RNAi), n = 15, and pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2; gsp-2(RNAi), n = 18. N = 4. (D) Quantification of the cell cycle time: ctrl(RNAi), n = 12, gsp-2(RNAi), n = 10, pkc-3(ne4246); ctrl(RNAi), n = 10, pkc-3(ne4246); gsp-2(RNAi), n = 18. N = 3. Mean is shown and error bars indicate SD. The P values were determined using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test between AB and P1 for each condition and between P1 pkc-3(ne4246); ctrl(RNAi) and P1 pkc-3(ne4246); gsp-2(RNAi). ns, P > 0.05; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. In B–D, RNAi was performed by feeding. n = number of embryos analyzed; N = number of independent experiments. For all figures, the scale bars are 5 µm; anterior is to the left and posterior to the right.

GSP-2 depletion suppresses pkc-3(ne4246) lethality and polarity defects. (A) Representation of the main phases that lead to zygote polarization. Left: early embryo before polarity establishment with anterior PARs uniformly at the cortex and posterior PARs in the cytoplasm. Middle: AIR-1 and microtubule-dependent symmetry breaking. Right: polarity maintenance with anterior PARs at the anterior cortex and posterior PARs at the posterior cortex. (B) Embryonic lethality of gfp::par-2 and pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2 embryos after ctrl(RNAi) and gsp-2(RNAi). The reported values correspond to the percentage of unhatched embryos over the total progeny (larvae and unhatched embryos). gfp::par-2; ctrl(RNAi), n = 3,132, gfp::par-2; gsp-2(RNAi), n = 2,405, pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2; ctrl(RNAi), n = 1,085, and pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2; gsp-2(RNAi), n = 1,141. N = 4. Mean is shown and error bars indicate SEM. The P values were determined using two-way ANOVA Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (C) Representative midsection frames of time-lapse imaging of embryos at the polarity maintenance stage: gfp::par-2; ctrl(RNAi), n = 11, gfp::par-2; gsp-2(RNAi), n = 13, pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2; ctrl(RNAi), n = 15, and pkc-3(ne4246); gfp::par-2; gsp-2(RNAi), n = 18. N = 4. (D) Quantification of the cell cycle time: ctrl(RNAi), n = 12, gsp-2(RNAi), n = 10, pkc-3(ne4246); ctrl(RNAi), n = 10, pkc-3(ne4246); gsp-2(RNAi), n = 18. N = 3. Mean is shown and error bars indicate SD. The P values were determined using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test between AB and P1 for each condition and between P1 pkc-3(ne4246); ctrl(RNAi) and P1 pkc-3(ne4246); gsp-2(RNAi). ns, P > 0.05; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. In B–D, RNAi was performed by feeding. n = number of embryos analyzed; N = number of independent experiments. For all figures, the scale bars are 5 µm; anterior is to the left and posterior to the right.

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