Kap enrichment fortifies the NPC permeability barrier in vivo. (A) Silencing Kapβ1 shifts the steady-state distribution (N/C ratio) of 2xEGFP-NES into the nucleus as a result of increased NPC permeability (i.e., leak). (B) An increase of NPC permeability due to Kapβ1 silencing also results in a shift of 3xEGFP-NES into the nucleus. Impairing 3xEGFP-NES export via CRM1 silencing results in a qualitatively similar but larger shift in the N/C ratio. (C) Silencing CRM1 does not show any detectable change to the N/C ratio of 2xEGFP-NLS. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. P adjusted values were calculated using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure (****, P = 0.0001; ***, P = 0.0002; **, P = 0.0021; *, P = 0.0332; ns = 0.1). Scale bars, 10 µm.