Fragmentation of the phagolysosome requires cargo degradation and the cytoskeleton. (A, C, E, and G) Macrophages engulfed E. coli for 15 min, chased for 25 min, and treated with either Con A and NH4Cl (A), protease inhibitor cocktail (C), microtubule inhibitors (E), actin inhibitors (G), or vehicle control (DMSO). Cells were fixed after 1 or 4 h after phagocytosis and stained with an anti–E. coli antibody whose fluorescence is displayed in rainbow scale. Dashed lines show cell contours. Scale bars: 5 µm. (B, D, F, and H) Total volume of PDVs per cell. Data are mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments with 25 cells quantified per condition of an experiment and compared by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. Conditions labeled with different letters (a–d) are statistically different (P < 0.05).
