Tubulin isotypes display functional differences. (a–c) Genetic organization of WT yeast (a) and those resulting from direct gene replacement to harbor Tub1 only (b) or Tub3 only (c) under endogenous TUB1 and TUB3 regulation. For each cell (left), the α/β-heterodimer combinations (center) and composition of cellular microtubules (right) are shown. (d and e) Representative Western blot (d) and quantification from three independent experiments (e) of α-tubulin levels in the indicated cell types. Actin is loading control. Mean ± SEM; ***, P ≤ 0.001 (n.s., not significant, WT vs. Tub1-only and Tub3-only, P = 0.13 and 0.16, respectively) by unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test. Diamonds show individual values from each experiment. (f) Carbendazim (CBZ) sensitivity assay. Serially diluted cultures were spotted onto media with increasing concentrations of the microtubule-destabilizing drug and incubated at 24°C for 3 d.