VAMP8 or Stx1B deficiency disrupts AJCs in vivo. (A and B) VAMP8 (A) or Stx1B (B) and ZO-1 stained in the electroporated region of the cerebral cortex. pX330 was electroporated as a control. mCherry staining shows the electroporated region. Lower panels (A′, A′′, B′, and B′′) show magnified images of the boxes surrounded by dashed lines in the upper panels. The arrows indicate the disruption of AJCs and the loss of the clear boundary of the ventricular surface. Scale bars, 100 µm. (C) A hypothetical model showing the cause of malformation in NcKO mice. Ncad, N-cadherin; NPC, neural progenitor cell.