Optimization of recombinant adenoviral system in ARPE cells. The amounts of TDD and helper tTA adenoviruses were optimized for uniform infection of ARPE cells. (A) Relative TDD expression level after infection with 12 µl tTA recombinant adenovirus and the indicated volumes of TDD recombinant adenoviruses. (B) Relative TDD expression level after infection with 20 µl TDD recombinant adenovirus and the indicated volumes of tTA recombinant adenoviruses. (C) Immunofluorescence of surface-bound TfnR with or without TDD expression. Scale bars = 20 µm; inset scale bars = 5 µm. (D–F) Effects of TDD overexpression on Biotin-Tfn uptake revealed that TDD expression enhanced surface bound Biotin-Tfn (D) and reduced its uptake efficiency in single-round (E) and multiround (F) Biotin-Tfn uptake. Average value ± SD are from n = 4 replicates. ***, P ≤ 0.001.