Figure 3.
Abnormally shaped cells have higher PPB offset in WT and tan1 cells.(A) On the left is a micrograph of WT maize leaf epidermal cell expressing YFP-TUBULIN (green) stained with propidium iodide (magenta) next to the 3D cell shape reconstruction generated with Surface Evolver (gray mesh). The green band is the 3D reconstruction of the PPB. Predicted soap-film minimum divisions for the cell are shown with magenta meshes, from left to right transverse, longitudinal, periclinal division planes. (B) Micrograph of tan1 maize leaf epidermal cell next to cell shape reconstruction with PPB overlaid and (from left to right) transverse, longitudinal, periclinal, and other division planes. (C) PPB offset in tan1 mutants is significantly higher than WT (WT n = 16 PPB offset = 0.40 µm2 ± 0.96, tan1n = 45 1.85 µm2 ± 3.93 [average ± SD]; ***, P = 0.0012, Mann–Whitney). (D) Abnormality index in tan1 mutants is significantly higher compared with WT (WT: n = 16, abnormality index = 0.14 ± 0.1 [average ± SD]; tan1: n = 45, abnormality index = 0.37 ± 0.32; ***, P < 0.0008, Mann–Whitney). (E) Abnormality index versus PPB offset suggests abnormal cell shapes generally show higher offsets (WT: r = 0.57, P = 0.007; tan1: r = 0.59; P < 0.0001, Spearman correlation coefficient). A subset of data (values of PPB offset < 3) is displayed adjacent with a linear fit of WT (r = 0.7, P = 0.0003, n = 22) and tan1 (r = 0.6, P < 0.0001, n = 40; Spearman correlation coefficient). (F–J) Best-fit predicted divisions overlaid with in vivo PPB location next to corresponding micrograph of maize epidermal cells expressing YFP-TUBULIN (green) and either expressing membrane marker PIP2-CFP (H, magenta) or stained with propidium iodide (F, G, I, and J, magenta) to outline the cell shape. (F) Example of a WT cell with an abnormality index of 0.59 and a PPB offset of 1.82 µm2. (G) Example of a WT cell with an abnormality index of 0.09 and a PPB offset of 0.39 µm2. (H) Example of a tan1 mutant cell with an abnormality index of 0.32 and a PPB offset of 0.26 µm2. (I) Example of a tan1 mutant cell with an abnormality index of 1.25 and a PPB offset of 3.92 µm2. (J) Example of a tan1 mutant cell with an abnormality index of 1.14 and a PPB offset of 1.08 µm2. Scale bars, 10 µm.

Abnormally shaped cells have higher PPB offset in WT and tan1 cells. (A) On the left is a micrograph of WT maize leaf epidermal cell expressing YFP-TUBULIN (green) stained with propidium iodide (magenta) next to the 3D cell shape reconstruction generated with Surface Evolver (gray mesh). The green band is the 3D reconstruction of the PPB. Predicted soap-film minimum divisions for the cell are shown with magenta meshes, from left to right transverse, longitudinal, periclinal division planes. (B) Micrograph of tan1 maize leaf epidermal cell next to cell shape reconstruction with PPB overlaid and (from left to right) transverse, longitudinal, periclinal, and other division planes. (C) PPB offset in tan1 mutants is significantly higher than WT (WT n = 16 PPB offset = 0.40 µm2 ± 0.96, tan1n = 45 1.85 µm2 ± 3.93 [average ± SD]; ***, P = 0.0012, Mann–Whitney). (D) Abnormality index in tan1 mutants is significantly higher compared with WT (WT: n = 16, abnormality index = 0.14 ± 0.1 [average ± SD]; tan1: n = 45, abnormality index = 0.37 ± 0.32; ***, P < 0.0008, Mann–Whitney). (E) Abnormality index versus PPB offset suggests abnormal cell shapes generally show higher offsets (WT: r = 0.57, P = 0.007; tan1: r = 0.59; P < 0.0001, Spearman correlation coefficient). A subset of data (values of PPB offset < 3) is displayed adjacent with a linear fit of WT (r = 0.7, P = 0.0003, n = 22) and tan1 (r = 0.6, P < 0.0001, n = 40; Spearman correlation coefficient). (F–J) Best-fit predicted divisions overlaid with in vivo PPB location next to corresponding micrograph of maize epidermal cells expressing YFP-TUBULIN (green) and either expressing membrane marker PIP2-CFP (H, magenta) or stained with propidium iodide (F, G, I, and J, magenta) to outline the cell shape. (F) Example of a WT cell with an abnormality index of 0.59 and a PPB offset of 1.82 µm2. (G) Example of a WT cell with an abnormality index of 0.09 and a PPB offset of 0.39 µm2. (H) Example of a tan1 mutant cell with an abnormality index of 0.32 and a PPB offset of 0.26 µm2. (I) Example of a tan1 mutant cell with an abnormality index of 1.25 and a PPB offset of 3.92 µm2. (J) Example of a tan1 mutant cell with an abnormality index of 1.14 and a PPB offset of 1.08 µm2. Scale bars, 10 µm.

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