NudE is required for dynein activation, and phi opening allows the function of NudE to be partially bypassed. (A) GFP-dynein in gpdA-ΔC-hookA-S and ΔnudE, gpdA-ΔC-hookA-S strains. Note that GFP-dynein accumulates as MT plus-end comets near the hyphal tip (yellow arrowheads), but not at the septum (arrows), in the ΔnudE, gpdA-ΔC-hookA-S strain. (B) GFP-dynein and mCherry-RabA in a ΔnudE strain, a ΔnudE, nudA^R1602E strain, and a ΔnudE, nudA^{R1602E, K1645E} strain. Note that GFP-dynein with nudA^R1602E or nudA^{R1602E, K1645E} accumulates at the septum with early endosomes (mCherry-RabA) in the absence of NudE. Bars, 5 µm.