Imaging of phosphorylated H2AX with VANIMA by super-resolution microscopy. (A) The labeled anti-γH2AX Fab (yellow) was transduced in U2OS cells, and its localization in the nucleus was recorded by 3D-SIM after treatment with HU for 48 h (+HU) and staining with DAPI (gray). Untreated cells (−HU) were used as the control. The Z maximum intensity projections of 20 slices show the labeled anti-γH2AX Fab with (right half) or without (left half) DAPI counterstaining (gray). The solid white lines depict the nuclear contour. Bottom panels: magnification of the white regions of interest, under the corresponding image (Videos 5 and 6). Bars, 2 µm. (B) The number of spots presented in the nuclei as shown in A after quantification with Fiji/ImageJ software. Error bars represent the SD obtained with five recorded cells for each condition.