Dia1 and FHOD1 are required for branching morphogenesis. (A) Equatorial confocal sections of actin in acini of each genotype before (top) and after stimulation with HGF for 48 h (bottom). (B) The number of protrusions per acinus relative to matched shControl acini; numbers of acini scored are indicated below. SMIFH2 treatment serves as a negative control. See also Fig. S2. **, P < 0.05 by a Student’s two-tailed t test assuming unequal variance. Error bars indicate SD. (C) Equatorial confocal sections of acini stained for E-cadherin to mark cell–cell junctions, podocalyxin to mark the apical surface, and the basement membrane component laminin 511 in acini generated from control (top), shDia1 (middle), and shFHOD1 (bottom) cells.