Mammalian septins recognize membrane curvature. (A) Phalloidin (magenta) and SEPT7 (green) localization, visualized by α-SEPT7 immunofluorescence, in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. (B) SEPT7 localization (green) in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts treated with 1 µM latrunculin A for 15 min to disrupt actin-dependent septin localization. The cell outline (magenta), was produced by imaging Alexa Fluor 647–conjugated wheat germ agglutinin. (C) 50 nM human septin complexes (SEPT2–SEPT6–SEPT7) labeled with NHS-Alexa Fluor 488 on supported lipid bilayer–coated silica beads. (D) Adsorption of 50 nM human septin complex on bilayer-coated beads (25% PC, 75% PI, and trace RhPE). n ≥ 67 for each size. Dunn test results: ***, P < 0.005; n.s., >0.05. (E) Model displaying the scale of septin curvature sensing compared with other established proteins that interact with curved membranes.