Perivascular CD163 ⁺ macrophages are conserved in human DRGs. (A) UMAP of 2,098 subclustered macrophage nuclei from five human DRG donors (Avraham et al., 2022). (B) Expression of key indicated genes across clusters. (C) Iba1 immunostaining of a large human DRG section visualizing regional differences in macrophage density. Scale bar, 500 μm. (D) Boxed areas in C visualizing the difference in macrophage distribution between neuronal soma-rich and nerve fiber-rich areas. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Immunostaining of Iba1⁺ perineuronal macrophages and FASN⁺ SGCs. While distinct, both cell types cluster around neuron cell bodies. Scale bar, 25 μm. (F) Immunostaining showing the perineuronal localization of CX3CR1⁺Iba1⁺ macrophages and the interstitial localization of Iba1⁺CD163⁺MRC1⁺ macrophages. Scale bars, 50 μm. (G) Immunostaining showing perivascular location of CD163⁺MRC1⁺ macrophages. Scale bar, 50 μm. N, neuron.