Isolation and bulk RNA-seq analysis of dural LECs and immune cells. (A) Flow cytometry gating strategy for isolating LYVE-1⁺/PDPN⁺/CD31⁺/CD45⁻ LECs from the dorsal dura mater of AAV-CTRL– and AAV-VEGF-C–treated mice (n = 30 mice/group; two groups; three independent experiments). (B and C) Percentage of dural LECs (B) and blood ECs (C) in AAV-VEGF-C and -CTRL mice. (D) Principal component analysis segregation of LEC transcripts from AAV-CTRL and -VEGF-C mice. (E) HALLMARK gene set of the uppermost upregulated signaling pathway by VEGF-C. (F) NABA set of the 18 most expressed genes in the secreted factor signaling pathway, the uppermost upregulated up by VEGF-C. Note expression of osteogenic/osteoclastic factors and chemokine CCL28 (underlined).