Oral peptide reactivation triggers local gene expression changes related to olfaction, mucosal sensing, and bone resorption. Fold change in DEGs relative to untreated VPEP memory mice (No Tx; white), 12 h after swabbing with gp33 (gray) or SIIN (red) in irritants. (A–D) Highlighted are genes involved in olfaction (A), mucosal sensation (B), extracellular matrix degradation (C), and bone resorption/pyroptosis (D). In all graphs, differences between gp33 vs. SIIN treatment groups are significant (FDR P value <0.05 and >1log₂ fold change), except Trpv2 (a noxious temperature sensor; denoted with $ in B) where differences between gp33 vs. SIIN groups showed FDR P value <0.05 and a 1.63 fold change. All dots represent individual mice.