Irradiation-based myeloablation induces EC injury and primes for BMDMC incorporation. (A) Representative images of liver sections of irradiation-conditioned GFP⁺ bone marrow–transplanted sham-operated mice. (A’ and A’’) Zoomed-in images illustrating GFP⁺ cells incorporated into the liver vasculature. Arrows indicate GFP⁺ ECs. Scale bars, 100 µm. For complete confocal reconstruction, see Video 1. (B) Representative images of liver sections of control or irradiated mice costained with phospho-H2A.X (Ser139), CD31 (EC-specific surface marker), and ERG (EC-specific nuclear marker). Zoomed-in images are shown on the right. Arrows indicate phospho-H2A.X (Ser139)–positive ECs. Scale bars, 50 µm. (C) The plot shows the count of pH2A.X⁺ ECs per 1 mm² of liver tissue (mean ± SD, n = 6 mice). (D) Representative images of liver sections of control or irradiated mice costained with cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) and CD31 (EC-specific surface marker). Zoomed-in images are shown on the right. Arrows indicate CC3⁺ ECs. Scale bars, 50 µm. (E) The plot shows the count of CC3⁺ ECs per 1 mm² of liver tissue (mean ± SD, n = 6 mice). (F and G) Quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA expression of Bax (F) and Icam1 (G) in livers of mice after irradiation or PHx (mean ± SD, n = 5–6 mice for each time point). ND, nondetectable; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t test).