G-CSF inhibits rapid neutrophil mobilization from the BM during early-stage acute inflammation. (A) G-CSF inhibits E. coli–induced rapid neutrophil mobilization. G-CSF (2 µg in 200 µl PBS) and E. coli (2 million in 1 ml PBS) were simultaneously injected i.p. into C57BL/6 mice. *, P < 0.01 by Student’s t test versus control (mice not treated with G-CSF at each time points). (B) G-CSF treatment does not affect neutrophil recruitment to the inflamed peritoneal cavity. Neutrophil counts in the peritoneal lavage were measured at 30 and 60 min after E. coli administration. n = 10 mice for each group. All data are means ± SD of three experiments.