Figure 1.
Figure 1. A novel clinically relevant mouse model of DVT. (A) Scanning electron microscopic images of the IVC. Images taken immediately after (baseline) and 1 h after partial ligation in the IVC illustrate the intact endothelial cell lining of the IVC without endothelial disruption. Bars, 5 µm. Shown is a representative of n = 3 experiments. (B) Assessment of blood flow in the IVC in response to partial ligation (n = 16). Dots represent individual experiments; lines show the mean of each group. (C) Evaluation of DVT by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) 48 h after flow restriction in the IVC (also see Video 1). CT images were acquired in a sagittal projection using a small animal CT scanner. Right: animal with DVT at 48 h after flow restriction. The dotted line shows the IVC in the abdominal cavity. Arrowheads point to the lack of contrast agent, indicating thrombus formation. Left: control animal with sham ligation showing continuous contrast filling of the IVC. Shown is a representative of n = 3 experiments. (D) Weight (milligrams) of harvested IVC thrombi 48 h after DVT induction in C57BL/6 (n = 6), SV129 mice (n = 4), and after enoxaparin treatment (n = 5). Dots represent individual experiments; lines show the mean of each group. (E) Macroscopic and microscopic assessment of venous thrombi after 48 h of flow restriction in C57BL/6 animals. Regions of red (R) and white (W) thrombus can be distinguished macroscopically (left) and microscopically in a longitudinal (middle) and cross section (right) stained with van Gieson (vG). The thrombus shows the typical white and erythrocyte-rich red layers. Bars: (left and middle) 1 mm; (right) 100 µm. Shown is a representative of n = 10 experiments. (F) Excised thrombosed IVC obtained 48 h after induction of DVT in C57BL/6 animals. Regions of red and white thrombus can be distinguished microscopically in a longitudinal HE-stained section. Carstairs staining (CS) is demonstrating the layers of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells throughout the thrombus, and DAPI staining illustrates the distribution of leukocytes in clusters (arrow) and layers (arrowhead). Bars, 1 mm. Shown is a representative of n = 3 experiments.

A novel clinically relevant mouse model of DVT. (A) Scanning electron microscopic images of the IVC. Images taken immediately after (baseline) and 1 h after partial ligation in the IVC illustrate the intact endothelial cell lining of the IVC without endothelial disruption. Bars, 5 µm. Shown is a representative of n = 3 experiments. (B) Assessment of blood flow in the IVC in response to partial ligation (n = 16). Dots represent individual experiments; lines show the mean of each group. (C) Evaluation of DVT by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) 48 h after flow restriction in the IVC (also see Video 1). CT images were acquired in a sagittal projection using a small animal CT scanner. Right: animal with DVT at 48 h after flow restriction. The dotted line shows the IVC in the abdominal cavity. Arrowheads point to the lack of contrast agent, indicating thrombus formation. Left: control animal with sham ligation showing continuous contrast filling of the IVC. Shown is a representative of n = 3 experiments. (D) Weight (milligrams) of harvested IVC thrombi 48 h after DVT induction in C57BL/6 (n = 6), SV129 mice (n = 4), and after enoxaparin treatment (n = 5). Dots represent individual experiments; lines show the mean of each group. (E) Macroscopic and microscopic assessment of venous thrombi after 48 h of flow restriction in C57BL/6 animals. Regions of red (R) and white (W) thrombus can be distinguished macroscopically (left) and microscopically in a longitudinal (middle) and cross section (right) stained with van Gieson (vG). The thrombus shows the typical white and erythrocyte-rich red layers. Bars: (left and middle) 1 mm; (right) 100 µm. Shown is a representative of n = 10 experiments. (F) Excised thrombosed IVC obtained 48 h after induction of DVT in C57BL/6 animals. Regions of red and white thrombus can be distinguished microscopically in a longitudinal HE-stained section. Carstairs staining (CS) is demonstrating the layers of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells throughout the thrombus, and DAPI staining illustrates the distribution of leukocytes in clusters (arrow) and layers (arrowhead). Bars, 1 mm. Shown is a representative of n = 3 experiments.

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