Ventilation-dependent and ventilation-independent lymph flow through pulmonary collecting lymphatics. (A–C) (A) Pulmonary lymphatic valves of steady-state control Rosa26^mTmG mice during ventilation and during a ventilator pause, with (B) the quantification of the effect on valve openings and (C) a representative trace of valve status over time. (D–H) (D) Pulmonary lymphatic valves from LPS-treated mice showing continuation of leukocyte flow and valve opening during ventilator pause, with (E) the quantification of the effect of ventilator pause on valve opening, (F) a representative valve trace, and (G) representative traces of progress of tracked leukocytes through lymphatics with (H) quantification of speeds. (I) Cell speeds during lower versus higher tidal volume ventilation with indicated settings. Bar graphs show means; P values are from (H) repeated-measures two-way ANOVA on log₁₀-transformed data with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; or (I) two-tailed paired t test. Group sizes: (B, E, and I) n = 5; (H) n = 4.