Three-dimensional modeling of hemicentin-1 deficiency. (A) Human primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts transfected with HMCN1-specific siRNA (siHMCN1) or control siRNA (siControl) were used to generate three-dimensional organotypic cell cultures. Punch biopsies were obtained from the skin equivalents at day 12 and stained for hematoxylin and eosin (scale bar, 50 μm). Red arrows indicate subepidermal blisters. (B) Subepidermal blistering was quantitatively ascertained as the ratio of the length of the blistering BMZ divided by the entire length of the BMZ using the NIS-Elements BR 3.2 software (Nikon). The plot represents the results of two independent experiments in which a total of 58 random fields were examined (two-sided t test; ***P < 0.005).