Timeline showing approval dates of TCEs. Vertical lines mark approximate dates of approval by the FDA or the EMA for the indicated TCE drugs. Also provided in parentheses are international nonproprietary/generic names (INN) and target antigen and indications (acronyms). Approval dates were obtained from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/resources-information-approved-drugs, EMA (2024), EMA (2025).