Figure 2.
TCEs enable formation of an immunological, cytolytic synapses (IS) between T cells and target cells. Shown are simplified IS formed by (left) a TCR on a T cell and a cognate peptide–MHC (pMHC) on a target cell and (right) a tandem scFv-format TCE (e.g., blinatumomab, Fig. 4) simultaneously bound to the CD3ε subunit of the TCR on a cytotoxic T cell and a specific surface antigen on a target cell (CD19 for blinatumomab). IS formation employs additional receptor–ligand interactions between T cell and target cell (not shown) to activate the T cell and kill the target cell (Chen et al., 2021; Leithner et al., 2025; Offner et al., 2006). The IS induced by a TCE differs from the natural IS in that it does not require TCRαβ chains or pMHC molecules. Created in BioRender. Sauer, K. (2025) https://BioRender.com/c27rh9f.

TCEs enable formation of an immunological, cytolytic synapses (IS) between T cells and target cells. Shown are simplified IS formed by (left) a TCR on a T cell and a cognate peptide–MHC (pMHC) on a target cell and (right) a tandem scFv-format TCE (e.g., blinatumomab, Fig. 4) simultaneously bound to the CD3ε subunit of the TCR on a cytotoxic T cell and a specific surface antigen on a target cell (CD19 for blinatumomab). IS formation employs additional receptor–ligand interactions between T cell and target cell (not shown) to activate the T cell and kill the target cell (Chen et al., 2021; Leithner et al., 2025; Offner et al., 2006). The IS induced by a TCE differs from the natural IS in that it does not require TCRαβ chains or pMHC molecules. Created in BioRender. Sauer, K. (2025) https://BioRender.com/c27rh9f.

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