Figure 23.

Effect of increasing SERCA pump rate (as would be produced by β-adrenergic stimulation) in a model cell with increased RyR sensitivity. This introduces a pathological regimen in which further stimulation causes paradoxical decrease of the beating rate as a result of desynchronization of calcium and membrane clocks, producing the characteristic kink in the NCX phase-plane loop caused by premature diastolic calcium release.

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