Structural representations of IRF proteins and the IRF signaling pathway. (A) IRF proteins are a family of transcription factors. The IRF DBD mediates interactions with DNA targets, the IAD mediates dimerization and interaction with other factors, and the autoinhibitory domain (AID) limits IRF activity. (B) Schematic overview of the IRF signaling pathway. PRR or IFN receptor activation triggers intracellular signaling leading to IRF phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear localization, and modulation of gene expression, including ISG expression for most IRFs. Created in BioRender, https://BioRender.com/b0q00jx.
Figure 1.

Structural representations of IRF proteins and the IRF signaling pathway. (A) IRF proteins are a family of transcription factors. The IRF DBD mediates interactions with DNA targets, the IAD mediates dimerization and interaction with other factors, and the autoinhibitory domain (AID) limits IRF activity. (B) Schematic overview of the IRF signaling pathway. PRR or IFN receptor activation triggers intracellular signaling leading to IRF phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear localization, and modulation of gene expression, including ISG expression for most IRFs. Created in BioRender, https://BioRender.com/b0q00jx.

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