Similar gene expression profile in LECs from adipose tissue and skin. (A and B) Representative flow cytometry plots of the isolated stromal vascular fraction from (A) the skin and (B) the adipose tissue showing a population of LECs (CD45⁻CD31⁺PDPN⁺). The figure shows the complete gating scheme, with the final gating plot also presented in a simplified form in Fig. 3 B. (C and D) UMAP plots before and after removing batch effect by integration visualized according to (C) the tissue or (D) the donor. Donor 5 is a mixture of skin- and adipose tissue–derived LECs that cannot be differentiated between tissue types (mixed tissue). (E) Proportion (%) and cell numbers for each LEC subset according to the tissue origin. (F) Proportion (%) and cell numbers for each subset according to the donor and the tissue type (adipose tissue [A], skin [S], mixed [M]). (G) UpSet plot showing overlaps in DEG (FDR < 0.05, log₂FC >0.75) between all major clusters (skin vs. adipose tissue) ranked by the overlap with the largest number of genes. The right chart shows the intersection size of the conditions highlighted in the middle grid. A single, unconnected point corresponds to genes unique to only that condition. The total number of DEGs in each cluster is shown in the left chart (set size). (H) Volcano plot of DEGs between adipose tissue and skin of different LEC clusters or all LECs. The following LEC clusters were considered for matched tissue donors (i.e., donors 1, 3, 6, 7): capillary 1, capillary 2, pre-collector (merged precoll1 and precoll2 subsets), collector, and valve LECs. The horizontal line shows the log₂ fold change (FC) threshold set at 0.75. The vertical lines show the significance threshold for adjusted P values set at an FDR of 0.05. (I) GO term analysis of genes enriched in skin cap2 LEC subset compared with the s.c. adipose tissue cap2 LEC subset. Selected terms for enriched GO biological and cellular processes are shown along with the −log₁₀ of the adjusted P value (list of marker genes for the enrichment analysis in Data S4). The vertical line represents the adjusted P value set at an FDR of 0.05. FDR, false discovery rate.