Organelle-specific membrane thickness patterns across tomograms. (A) Summary of mean membrane thicknesses across 51 tomograms from the C. reinhardtii dataset (Kelley et al., 2024, Preprint) (EMPIAR-11830). Box plots show median (center line), interquartile range (box), whiskers extending to 1.5× the interquartile range, and individual data points overlaid. Each point corresponds to the mean thickness value for a given membrane instance within a single tomogram (biological replicates): NE (analyzed as one continuous membrane, n = 10 instances, 2.2 M point-pair measurements), ER (n = 20 instances, 3.1 M point-pair measurements), OMM (n = 19 instances, 2.5 M point-pair measurements), IMM (n = 19 instances, 6.5 M point-pair measurements), thylakoid (n = 15 instances, 21.4 M point-pair measurements), and chloroplast outer membrane (Chl OM, n = 9 instances, 1.2 M point-pair measurements). For the Golgi apparatus, cisternae were analyzed individually and plotted as separate points (4 tomograms, 35 cisternae, 4.3 M point-pair measurements). Statistical comparisons of the mean values were performed for functionally related membranes: NE vs ER (two-sided unpaired t test, ns, P = 0.296), OMM vs IMM (two-sided paired t test, ***: P < 0.001), and thylakoid vs Chl OM (two-sided paired t test, ***: P < 0.001). (B) Mean membrane thickness comparison between inner and outer nuclear membranes (INMs and ONMs, respectively) for each NE instance. Two-sided paired t test: ns (P = 0.218). (C) Mean membrane thickness of ER and Golgi membranes, with Golgi cisternae classified as CGN, medial Golgi, and TGN based on manual assessment (n = 4 tomograms). Statistical comparisons using two-sided paired t tests reveal no significant difference between ER and CGN (ns: P = 0.732), significant differences between the ER and medial Golgi (*: P = 0.022) and CGN and medial Golgi (**: P = 0.007), and significant thickening from medial to TGN cisternae (**: P = 0.005).