Orientation-dependent analysis of membrane thickness measurements for the NE. (A) Central slices from four representative C. reinhardtii tomograms displaying NE membranes in different orientations (Kelley et al., 2024, Preprint) (EMPIAR-11830, 7.84 Å/pixel at bin4, 2016.mrc, 144.mrc, 495.mrc, and 2738.mrc). Scale bars, 100 nm. (B) MemBrain (Lamm et al., 2025, Preprint) segmentations of the corresponding NE membranes, color-coded to match the distribution plots in C. (C) Histogram distributions of membrane orientation angles relative to the missing wedge (0° = parallel, 90° = perpendicular to missing wedge). The Pearson correlation coefficients are indicated in each legend. (D) Membrane thickness measurement distributions for the four NE instances. Box plots show median (center line), interquartile range (box), and whiskers extending to 1.5× the interquartile range. (E) Mean defocus values per tomogram. (F) Compute times per processing step for each NE segmentation. Point-pair thickness measurements are parallelized on either NVIDIA A100 GPU (Linux system, 4–5x faster execution) or on four MacOS CPU cores. Surface point reconstruction and intensity profile filtering run on single CPU cores with comparable performance across systems.