scRNA-seq analysis of T cells in DORe mice and bulk mRNA-seq analysis of pTreg cells from different tissues after EWP feeding. (A) UMAP plots for expression levels of T cell–related molecules in DO CD4⁺ T cells in NC- or EWP-fed DORe mice. (B) Marker dotplots of differentially expressed genes in reclustered T cell clusters in Fig. 3 E. (C) Marker dotplots of anti-apoptosis– and pro-apoptosis–related genes in reclustered T-cell clusters. (D) Projection of 75 Cluster 3-up-regulated genes detected by scRNA-seq as shown in Fig. 3 C on the transcriptome. (E) Heatmap of anti-apoptosis– and pro-apoptosis–related genes among pTreg cells from designated tissues. (F) TPM-normalized gene expression of chemokine receptors among DORe-pTreg cells derived from different tissues. Vertical bars indicate the mean ± SEM. UMAP, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection.