Conserved translational regulation in rpl-5(0)/+ animals and shRPL5 knockdown in hematopoietic cells. (A and B) Functional gene ontology (GO) enrichment revealed that 17 out of 45 genes within complex I of electron transport chain (the NADH dehydrogenase activity) (A) and 20 out of 50 genes associated with the mitochondrial ribosome large subunit (B) exhibit similar expression patterns (RNA over-, TE underexpressed) in both C. elegans rpl-5(0)/+ mutants and shRPL5 knockdown in hematopoietic progenitor cells (P_adj < 0.05, Funcassociate 3.0). Y axis represents log₂ fold change estimates for RNA (blue bars) and TE (red bars) levels, separated by species. Each gene name is provided at the bottom part of the graph. Human and C. elegans gene orthologs are aligned. (C) RNA expression and TE differences were plotted along the y-axis for mitochondrial-encoded (mito) or nuclear-encoded (nuclear) electron transport chain (ETC) genes, as well as for randomly selected genes, for RPL5 and RPS19 knockdown in blood progenitor cells (Khajuria et al., 2018). For statistical analysis of RNA level or TE level changes (RP/control) in mitochondrial-encoded (mito) or nuclear-encoded (nuclear) ETC genes, ROAST multivariate gene expression analysis was conducted (Wu et al., 2010). P values are provided on each box plot.