Functional analysis of candidate TFs regulating T _RM _2. (A) qPCR analysis of TBX21 KD in colonic CD4⁺ T cells from CD patients. n = 7 per group. (B) qPCR analysis of RBPJ KD in colonic CD4⁺ T cells from CD patients. n = 6 per group. (C) Expression of RUNX2 (upper panel) and BHLHE40 (lower panel) in colonic CD4⁺ CD103⁺ T cells from control (n = 6) and CD (n = 5) samples by qPCR. Statistical significance for the comparisons for A–C was determined using a paired t test. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. (D) CellOracle simulations of RUNX2 (left) and BHLHE40 (right) KD, showcasing cell-state transition vectors.