scRNA-seq of CD4 ⁺ T _RM in colon lamina propria. (A) Gating strategy for the identification of CD4⁺ CD103⁺ T cells. (B) UMAP plot illustrating the annotation of lamina propria CD4⁺ CD103⁺ T cells derived from CD (n = 6, Patient 4–9 in Table S1) and control (n = 6, Ctrl-Patient 4–9 in Table S1) colon samples. (C) Expression levels of selected RNA markers across identified clusters. The dot size represents the percentage of cells expressing the gene within each cluster, while the color intensity reflects the average expression level. (D) Distribution of cells originating from CD (red) and control (blue) samples. (E) Proportional distribution of clusters across different disease conditions. Each bar represents 100% of the cells from a given disease, with segments indicating the relative abundance of each cluster. (F) Feature plot showcasing the expression of key marker genes characteristic of the cytotoxic cluster. The intensity of the color represents the expression levels of each gene, with higher expression indicated by darker shades.