Mitochondria increase in number and decrease in size during cortical astrocyte morphogenesis in vivo. (A) Schematic of PALE. (B) Representative images of V1 astrocytes expressing mCherry-CAAX (magenta, top panels) and their EGFP mitochondria (green, bottom panels) at P4, P7, P14, and P21. (C–G) Scale bar: 10 μm. Super-plots for the quantification of (C) astrocyte cell volume, (D) total mitochondrial volume per cell, (E) mitochondrial volume normalized to cell volume, (F) average mitochondrial number per cell, and (G) average mitochondrial size per cell from P4 to P21. N = 3–4 male and female mice/time point (large circled data points), n = 2–6 cells/mouse, 10–13 cells total/time point (small gray data points). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Nested one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test.