The Ca²⁺ response to glucose is not affected by liprin-α1 knock down. (A and B) β cells (grown on laminin-511) were infected with adenovirus expressing GFP-scrambled shRNA or GFP–liprin-α1 shRNA (control). β cells were loaded with Fura-2, AM, to measure intracellular [Ca²⁺]. GFP +ve cells, indicating successful infection, were selected for analysis. Ca²⁺ responses were recorded following stimulation with 16.7 mM glucose, as shown in the pseudocolor representations of the Fura-2 340/380 ratio over four time points (i: before glucose, ii, iii and iv: after glucose). 340/380 ratios were used to calculate intracellular [Ca²⁺] according to Grynkiewicz et al. (1985), and an example Ca²⁺ response recorded within a single β cell cluster is plotted for each group, showing a robust initial rise in [Ca²⁺] followed by sustained oscillations. (C–E) No differences were observed in baseline [Ca²⁺] (during incubation in 2.8 mM glucose), peak [Ca²⁺], or latency (time to peak) (n ≥ 9 β cell clusters from 3 animals; Student’s t test, unpaired, equal variance).