Neutrophils in CVD. Neutrophils are key players in CVD. In thrombosis, neutrophils and platelets enter a feed-forward loop of activation that drives further endothelial damage and platelet deposition. Neutrophils, through NET formation, can also destabilize thrombi, leading to emboli formation. In MI, neutrophils play dual roles. In the early phase, they are pro-inflammatory, help polarize macrophages to a pro-inflammatory state, degrade ECM, and block fibroblast function. In late stages, they assume anti-inflammatory functions, activate fibroblasts, and, through efferocytosis, polarize macrophages to a pro-resolving phenotype. In atherosclerosis, neutrophils induce endothelial damage, helping LDL deposition and monocyte recruitment. In intermediate phases, neutrophils release NETs and degranulate, releasing MPO that oxidizes LDL particles and fuels foam cell formation. In advanced stages, neutrophils drive plaque erosion and aid in forming a necrotic core through NET formation and the release of membrane-damaging histones. LDL, low-density lipoprotein.