Wobbling intermediates the dissociation and association pathways. Association: The freely diffusing toxin binds partially and wobbles until the Lys27 ε-amino group binds into S1 to get fully bound. Dissociation: The fully bound toxin begins wobbling when, enhanced by the transmembrane voltage, the Lys27 amino group detaches from S1 (Wobbling I). While S1 remains empty, the Lys27 ε-amino group may return, or it can be occupied by another K⁺, delaying fully bound conformation (Wobbling II). Wobbling I is favored in high external Na⁺, while Wobbling II is favored in high external K⁺.