Comparison of hypothetical population distributions with different ways to represent results. Mitochondria number per cell is measured in healthy mice, a mutant mouse disease model, and disease model mice that have undergone treatment. Three possible results are shown for the treatment. (A) Hidden population distributions for mitochondria number in healthy (blue), disease model (red), and treatment (grey) mice. (B) All treatment results are statistically significant when the no-effect hypothesis is tested. (C) Scatterplots and confidence intervals are used to report the treatment effect (percent recovery). CI95 indicates the 95% confidence interval for the difference in means between the mutant and mutant + treatment groups. The interval is converted to percent recovery by dividing the treatment effect by the difference between the mutant and wildtype (x100).