Anti-IFNα autoantibodies in APECED patients and time course of the development of anti-IFNα autoantibodies in individual Aire-deficient rats. (A) Titers for antibodies against human IFNα subtypes in the blood plasma of APECED patients and control individuals (left) and anti-IFNα11 and IFNα4 subtypes in Aire-deficient (KO) and control (HE) rats (right) as measured by LIPS assay (APECED n = 11, controls n = 5; KO n = 18, HE n = 5; FC, fold change). P values are reported based on t tests. P values are adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Holm–Bonferroni method. Statistical significance is indicated as follows: ****P < 1e-4, ***P < 0.001. (B) Time course for the development of IFNα11 antibodies in the blood plasma of seven individual Aire-deficient rats as measured by LIPS. The cut-off line indicates the mean of antibody titers of control rats plus two standard deviations. In A, symbols indicate individual humans or animals and are measured in batches from 5 to 20 samples per experiment. Horizontal lines with whiskers indicate mean values with SEM.