Autoantibodies to IFNα in Aire-deficient rats. (A) Autoantibodies to IFNα11 and IFNα4 in the blood plasma of 4–5-mo-old Aire-deficient (KO) and control (HE) rats; each dot represents a luminescence value unit (LU) for one individual animal (n = 14 for both KO and HE rats). (B) Cell-based assay of IFNα neutralization with Aire-deficient rat plasma (n = 14 for both KO and HE rats). (C) Neutralization effect of plasma samples containing low and high levels (below and above median) of autoantibodies (n = 14 for both KO and HE rats). (D) Autoantibody levels to IFNα11 at different ages of the animals (n = 62 for KO and n = 30 for HE rats). (E) Autoantibodies to IFNα11 measured in the supernatant of cells cultured from thymi, spleens, bone marrow (BM), and lymph nodes (LN) of Aire-deficient rats at different time points (n = 4). Throughout the figure, symbols indicate individual rats measured in batches of 5–20 rats per experiment. Horizontal lines with whiskers indicate mean values with SEM. All reported P values are based on t tests. P values are adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Holm–Bonferroni method. Statistical significance is indicated as follows: ****P < 1e-4, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01.