Lymphatic chain–based programming of T cell responses with distinct vaccine formulations. (A) As described in Fig. 2, C–J. Quantification of the total cell number of and expression of the indicated markers by the activated OT-I T cells across IC-LNs following immunization with OVA, with or without inclusion of CpG adjuvant (n = 3–4, two experiments). (B–E) Cellularity and phenotypic analysis of CD44⁺ OT-I T cell responses 4 days after immunization with OVA formulated with (B and C) Alhydrogel + LPS (alum/LPS) or (D and E) AddaVax (n = 3–4, two experiments). (F) As in Fig. 3 F, B6 mice were immunized with OVA + alum/LPS, and IC-LNs were harvested 4 days later to analyze the endogenous CD8 T cell response using OVA-tetramer staining. Representative flow plots and quantification of CXCR3 and CD62L expression by the OVA-tetramer⁺ CD8 T cells across IC-LNs (n = 4–5, three experiments). Interconnected dots represent individual lymphatic chains per mouse. Data from multiple pooled experiments are denoted by different symbols within the same group. Graphs show mean ± SD and were analyzed using paired Student’s t test for comparison within the same mouse or unpaired between separate mice. ****P < 0.0001; ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; P > 0.05 not significant (ns).