TDP-43 regulates the expression of BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2, and CRY1 in cultured cells (Related to Fig. 2 ). (A) Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2, and CRY1 at the indicated circadian times (CT) in HEK-293T cells transfected with an empty vector control (Con) or a short hairpin RNA vector targeting TARDBP mRNA (shTDP-43). (B) Western blotting showed the representative effect of ectopic expression of TDP-43 in the indicated groups on the expression of PER2, CLOCK, and BMAL1 proteins in TDP-43 knockdown HEK-293T cells (left), with quantification of the band density from each group (right). (C) Western blotting showed the representative effect of ectopic expression of TDP-43 or BMAL1 in the indicated groups on the expression of PER2, CLOCK, CRY, and TDP43 proteins in TDP-43 knockdown HEK-293T cells (left), with quantification (right). Effects of ectopic expression of TDP-43 or BMAL1 in the indicated groups on mRNA expression of BMAL1, CLOCK, CRY1, and PER2 were determined using RT-qPCR (bottom). Data are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 3) and compared by unpaired t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. ns, no significance. Source data are available for this figure: SourceData FS2.