Addition of glucose does not improve transformation of S. cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae (W303) was transformed with XcmI-linearized pRS306 (7.5 μg) following the same protocol used for A. pullulans except that the heat shock was for 15 min at 42°C. Transformants (uracil prototrophs) were counted after 2 days at 24°C. Number of colonies across three independent transformations with or without 2% glucose added in step i and in step iii. The mean and standard deviation are shown. Statistical significance (P > 0.05) calculated by two-tailed Student’s t test.