Viability during transformation and effects of DMSO or ethanol. (A) CFU on non-selective media after incubation with 40% PEG in the Transformation Buffer, or after heat shock for 30 min at the indicated temperature, normalized to the starting CFU before treatment. (B) Number of colonies on YPD + Hyg. B from three independent transformations, without any additives or with 10% DMSO or 5% ethanol (EtOH). (C) Cell viability calculated from the number of colonies that grow on YPD (no selection) relative to the “no additives” condition. In all graphs, the mean and standard deviation are shown. Statistical significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA with P values indicated (not shown, no significance, P > 0.05; ****, P ≤ 0.0001).