AAV-hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 show similar IFN signatures as COVID-19 patients. (a) Volcano plot showing differential expression (DE) of genes from whole lungs of mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 with and without AAV-hACE2 at 2 DPI. Gray indicates significantly differentially up-regulated genes, and blue indicates subsets of genes that are known ISGs. (b) Significantly up-regulated genes were put into Interferome (https://www.interferome.org) to identify how many genes are stimulated by type I, type II, or type III IFNs. (c) Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis was performed on significantly up-regulated genes to identify enriched cellular processes.(d) Up-regulated gene list from human samples (Blanco-Melo et al., 2020) was graphed (left panel) and used to perform hierarchical clustering for differentially expressed genes from lungs of AAV-hACE2 SARS-CoV-2–infected mice (blue, mouse ISGs; gray, other genes).(e) Subset of differentially expressed genes in panel a that were significantly up-regulated in lungs of COVID-19 patients (fromBlanco-Melo et al., 2020).