Figure 1.
The Nav1.5 voltage-sensing domain and its associated S4–gating charges (shown in yellow), as well as the S4–S5-linking loop (red) as investigated by Elhanafy et al. Depicted is the conformational change that Nav channel S4 undergoes from the inactivated state with the S4 in a down state to the activation process in which the S4 moves to an up state (movement indicated with an arrow) during depolarization. In this work, Elhanafy et al. (2025) systematically compared the differential impacts of R-to-Q–gating charge mutations at the R1 to R3 positions.

The Nav 1.5 voltage-sensing domain and its associated S4–gating charges (shown in yellow), as well as the S4–S5-linking loop (red) as investigated by Elhanafy et al. Depicted is the conformational change that Nav channel S4 undergoes from the inactivated state with the S4 in a down state to the activation process in which the S4 moves to an up state (movement indicated with an arrow) during depolarization. In this work, Elhanafy et al. (2025) systematically compared the differential impacts of R-to-Q–gating charge mutations at the R1 to R3 positions.

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