Effects of VEGF-C prophylaxis on the dural vasculature and CLN. (A and B) Confocal imaging (A and B) quantification of fibrinogen labeling in the dura mater superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and in the neighboring dura mater (boxed areas in A) (n = 5–6 mice/group). (C–F) LSFM imaging of LYVE-1⁺ cells in the meninges (C–E) and CLN (F). LYVE-1⁺ MLV located along the olfactory nerve (ON, white arrow) and the cavernous sinus at the level of the ophthalmic emissary vein (ophev) (C) and close to the cribriform plate (white arrow) (D). OB: olfactory bulb; OE: olfactory epithelium. Note the expansion of MLV coverage upon VEGF-C prophylaxis. (E) Pial and brain perivascular OVA-A647⁺/LYVE-1⁺ phagocytic cells (white arrow) were observed in the cerebellar region of VEGF-C–treated mice 30 min after ICM injection of OVA-A647. (F) LYVE1 expression in sCLNs and dCLNs (see also Fig. 1 D). (G) Quantification of confocal images of LYVE-1⁺ lymphatics in the lower region of the olfactory mucosa. *P < 0.05. (H and I) Representative images (H) and quantification (I) of LYVE-1⁺ immunostaining in the ear skin (n = 4 mice/group). (J) Quantification of KI67⁺ immune cells among leukocytes (CD45⁺), B lymphocytes (B220⁺), and T lymphocytes (CD3e⁺) in the dCLNs (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bar: 600 μm (A); 1,000 μm (C–F); 50 μm (H).