SARS-CoV-2 infection in the cells of an IFNAR1-deficient patient in vitro. (A) Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis for the SARS-CoV-2 N protein in SV40-fibroblasts from healthy controls (C1 and C2) and patients with IFNAR1 variants including P335del/P335del, P335del/+ (two patients), W73C/W73C, V225fs/+, and V225fs/V225fs. Cells were treated with IFN-α2a (100 U/ml), IFN-ω (1 ng/ml), or IFN-β (10 U/ml) overnight before infection with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 0.5). Cells were fixed and stained 48 h after infection. (B) IF analysis for the SARS-CoV-2 N protein in SV40-fibroblasts treated with neutralizing anti-IFN-β antibodies. Cells were treated with anti-IFN-β neutralizing antibodies and then with IFN-α2a (100 U/ml), IFN-ω (1 ng/ml), or IFN-β (100 U/ml) overnight. They were then infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection (MOI = 0.5). Cells were fixed and stained 48 h after infection. Graphs depict the mean ± SEM of two or three independent experiments.
Figure 7.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in the cells of an IFNAR1-deficient patient in vitro. (A) Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis for the SARS-CoV-2 N protein in SV40-fibroblasts from healthy controls (C1 and C2) and patients with IFNAR1 variants including P335del/P335del, P335del/+ (two patients), W73C/W73C, V225fs/+, and V225fs/V225fs. Cells were treated with IFN-α2a (100 U/ml), IFN-ω (1 ng/ml), or IFN-β (10 U/ml) overnight before infection with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 0.5). Cells were fixed and stained 48 h after infection. (B) IF analysis for the SARS-CoV-2 N protein in SV40-fibroblasts treated with neutralizing anti-IFN-β antibodies. Cells were treated with anti-IFN-β neutralizing antibodies and then with IFN-α2a (100 U/ml), IFN-ω (1 ng/ml), or IFN-β (100 U/ml) overnight. They were then infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection (MOI = 0.5). Cells were fixed and stained 48 h after infection. Graphs depict the mean ± SEM of two or three independent experiments.

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