Figure 3.

Simulations varying system spring stiffness, κ sys , using v = 0, N = 30. (A–H) Left panels are simulated time courses of force, F, and ergodicity, a (inset), and right panels are F and NMDP replotted and overlaid with Eqs. 1 (blue curve) and 2 (red curve) at κsys values of (A and B) 0.01 pN/nm, (C and D) 0.16 pN/nm, (E and F) 2 pN/nm, and (G and H) 10 pN/nm. In these simulations, ∆Go = −5.7 RT and d = 8 nm, which according to Eq. 2 gives Fo=N∆Go/d = 90 pN when NAMD = NMDP. The simulated time courses of state occupancies are in Fig. S1.

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